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What is Universal Design for Learning?

Anne Meyer and David Rose first laid out the principles of UDL in the 1990s. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework that addresses the primary barrier to fostering expert learners within instructional environments: inflexible, “one-size-fits-all” curricula (CAST,2011).  Three primary principles, which are based on neuroscience research, guide UDL and provide the underlying framework for the Guidelines:

  • Principle I: Provide Multiple Means of Representation (the “what” of learning). Learners differ in the ways that they perceive and comprehend information that is presented to them. In short, there is not one means of representation that will be optimal for all learners; providing options for representation is essential.
  • Principle II: Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression (the “how” of learning). Learners differ in the ways that they can navigate a learning environment and express what they know.  In reality, there is not one means of action and expression that will be optimal for all learners; providing options for action and expression is essential.
  • Principle III: Provide Multiple Means of Engagement (the “why” of learning). Affect represents a crucial element to learning, and learners differ markedly in the ways in which they can be engaged or motivated to learn. There are a variety of sources that can influence individual variation in affect including neurology, culture, personal relevance, subjectivity, and background knowledge, along with a variety of other factors presented in these guidelines. In reality, there is not one means of engagement that will be optimal for all learners in all contexts; providing multiple options for engagement is essential.
CAST (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 2.0. Wakefield, MA: Author.

Suggested Titles

UDL At A Glance

UDL Placement of Core iPad Apps

UDL Placement of Core iPad Apps -This document contains apps for education divided into the 3 primary principles of UDL:

  • Provide Multiple Means of Representation
  • Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression
  • Provide Multiple Means of Engagement